In general, what is the relationship between degree of ecosystem fragmentation and the rate of edge effects?
select one:
the edge effects in an ecosystem are unaffected by fragmentation.
more ecosystem fragmentation leads to fewer edge effects.
the increase in edge effects results in a decrease in fragmentation over time. more ecosystem fragmentation leads to greater edge effects.

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.