Do you know why bacterium plasmids are used for gene cloning but retroviruses are used for gene therapy when they both just modify dna?

If scientists are wrong about earth's age based on radioactive material and the decay rates are really much faster, how would nuclear power plants be affected?

The influenza virus cause the flu, but not other diseases. why?

Producing disposable grocery bags consumes resources. recycling disposable bags is a solution that can recover some of the resources used to make new bags. which of the following behaviors could further refine the solution? a. disposing of bags by burning them b. reusing bags whenever possible c. using bags at once so that they do not break d. using only nonrenewable materials to make new bags subject is environmental science for apex users