The marine iguana, amblyrhynchus cristatus, is endemic to the galápagos islands and is especially vulnerable to el niño events. these iguanas feed on red and green algae. during an el niño climate event, surface waters and their currents in the central and eastern pacific ocean become significantly warmer than usual. also during el niño years, land masses experience increased rainfall. a researcher suggests that el niño conditions cause a significant decrease in the size of the galápagos marine iguana population. which of the following would best support this alternative hypothesis? a. increased rainfall on land leads to increased nutrient runoff into the ocean and increased food resources for marina iguanas.
b. warm surface water contains fewer nutrients needed by red and green algae than cooler surface waters does.
c. warm surface water shortens the incubation time of marine iguana embryos.
d. cool surface water decreases the metabolic rate of marine iguanas, so they need more food to compensate for the lowered metabolic rate.

a warm, wet climate will produce the highest rate of weathering. the warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering (figure below). this happens because plants and bacteria grow and multiply faster in warmer temperatures.

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picture a world where computers are building made-to-order personalized robotic arms and synthetic organs, drones are circulating above mars! due to the rapid growth of technology, the future has never been more unpredictable, and it presents a huge challenge in education: we are teaching students how to work in a future that we have never been unsure of. it is widely predicted that in eight years’ time, there will be more jobs in the fields of science, mathematics, technology and engineering than in any other discipline. and, as the technology continues to develop, it will soon become clear that addressing social problems will involve more innovative thinking, and analytical and technical knowledge than ever before. undeniably, there are no subjects that encourage innovative and creative thinking, deep thought, problem solving and independence more than the stem subjects. while it is widely commented on that there is a need to reimagine the ways stem subjects are taught in schools by embracing a more interactive and innovative approach to appeal to more students, it should come as no surprise that some of the most reputable educational organizations in the world are already implementing changes to embrace stem. harvard, for example, announced in 2014 that they were increasing their computer science faculty by over 50% and has since introduced computer science as a core subject for all freshmen. the urgency of supporting stem subjects at a young age is becoming more relevant than ever, as adopting a keen interest in the curricula needs to happen early. however, beyond the age issue is one of gender.

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