How is a mutation in a bacterial cell that deletes three base pairs 10 base pairs upstream from the +1 site likely to affect transcription and why? a. initiation will be inhibited because rna polymerase core enzyme cannot bind to the promoter. b. initiation will be inhibited because sigma cannot bind to the promoter. c. a three-base-pair deletion is too small to have an effect. d. termination will not occur because hairpin secondary structure cannot form.

The development of_ factored in the development of complex organisms.

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism isa. virus.b. infection.c. pathogen.d. microbe.e. bacterium.

Which of these is true of the cytoplasm of an unfertilized egg? a. it is an unevenly distributed mixture of mrna, proteins, organelles, and other substances. b. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. c. these substances are supplied by the sperm. d. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. e. development is directed solely by the surrounding cells. f. it is a homogeneous mixture of mrna, proteins, organelles, and other substances. g. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. h. these substances are produced by the dna of the fertilized zygote.