Imagine that you have crossed two types of peonies, one with purple flowers and long stems, and the other with white flowers and short stems. when you cross these flowers, you get the following numbers of progeny: 83 with purple flowers and short stems; 29 with purple flowers and long stems; 26 with white flowers and short stems; and 9 with white flowers and long stems. based on these data, what can you say about genes that define flower color and stem length?

A dominant allele can be described as the one which masks the effect of a recessive allele. A recessive allele can be described as the allele which gets masked by the dominant one. If alleles for a gene are heterozygous then most likely the effects or traits of the dominant allele will be seen in the phenotype of the organism.

As we can see in the question, the number of purple flowers heavily outnumbered the white flowers, hence we can say that the purple colour is dominant over the yellow colour.

As we see that the number of short stems were more than the number of long stems, hence short stems were the dominant character.

We can also predict from this experiment that alleles assort independently during gamete formation.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]