The human beta-globin wild-type allele and a certain mutant allele are identical in sequence except for a single base-pair substitution that changes one nucleotide at the end of intron 2. the wild-type and mutant sequences of the affected portion of pre-mrna are
intron 2 exon 3
wild type 5’-ccucccacag cuccug-3’
mutant 5’-ccucccacug cuccug-3’
a) speculate about the way in which this base substitution causes mutation of beta-globin protein.
b) this is one example of how dna sequence change occurring somewhere other than in an exon can produce mutation. list other kinds of dna sequence changes occurring outside exons that can produce mutation. in each case, characterize the kind of change you would expect to see in mutant mrna or mutant protein.

Which of the following statements is correct in hour our immune system responds to a potential pathogen? a. the adapted immune system will call on the innate immune system to destroy the pathogen. b. b cells will start reading the antigen code immediately and call t cells to assist in destroying the pathogen. c. the skin will be the first line of defense, and then the many phagocytes in the bloodstream will attempt to consume the possible pathogen. d. the t-cells in the adapted immune systems are the first to recognize the pathogen vaccines are weakened forms of disease causing microorganisms, which are given to patients to prevent disease. after the vaccine is administered, the immune system responds by creating a(n) to recognize the a. antigen, antibody b. antibody, antigen c. antibody, antibiotic d. antibiotic, antibody