When your cells use fat for energy, the fatty acids are broken up into molecules of acetyl coa. predict how many atp can be made from one molecule of acetyl coa if oxygen is present. show your work.

12 molecules of ATP can be made from one molecule of acetyl CoA.

Explanation:

If one molecule of acetyl CoA enter TCA cycle then it result in the formation of 3 molecules of NADH,1 molecule of FADH2 and 1 molecule of GTP that is equivalent to 1 molecule of ATP.

                        Now the reducing equivalent such as NADH and FADH2 enters electron transport chain and get oxidized to regenerate NAD+ and FAD along with ATP. 1 molecule of NADH produces 3 molecules of ATP whereas 1 molecule of FADH2 produces 2 molecules of ATP.

               So that net gain of ATP is given below

3 molecules of NADH = 9 molecules of ATP

1 molecule of FADH2 =2 molecules of ATP

1 molecule of GTP = 1 molecule of ATP

As a result total 12 molecules of ATP is by the oxidation of 1 Acetyl CoA  by TCA cycle .

b. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere   is the answer most likely

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!