9. radiation is the direct transfer of energy by -

the "dirty dozen" chemicals banned in an international treaty are formally known as persistent organic pollutants, or pops. the united nations environment program provided this background on what they are and what they can do to humans and wildlife.

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the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.