All but which of the following are known to influence the activity of enzymes?
1. presence of capsule
2. temperature
3. ph
4. substrate concentration

1. Presence of capsule

Explanation:

There are a number of factors that influence the speed of a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. Some of these factors are:

- The concentration of substrate molecules (its influence can be checked according to the Michaelis and Menten equation).

- Temperature. There is an ideal temperature at which enzymes have greater catalytic activity.

- The pH of the medium, which greatly influences the spatial conformation of the enzyme. There is an ideal pH at which the catalytic activity is the maximum possible, if the pH becomes more acidic or more basic, the enzymatic activity decreases.

- The amount of enzyme, which greatly influences the initial velocity (direct proportion), as long as we talk about an optimum temperature and pH.

- The activity performed by inhibitors.

Therefore the presence of capsules does not intervene in the enzymatic activity .

organisms that lack symmetry are called asymmetrical and belong to phylum porifera/sponges.

organisms with specialized stinging cells belong to phylum cnidaria. stinging cells are called cnidoblast cells.

cnidarians show two morphological forms : polyp (sessile) and medusa (mobile)

filter feeding is observed in porifera members.  

alternation of generation is observed in coelenterata or cnidaria. there is alternation of asexual polyp form and sexual medusoid form. it is also referred as metagenesis.

b c a d mark me