Besides a high voltage shock, what is another method to make e. coli competent to take up "naked" dna?
a. high concentrations of calcium ions followed by high temperature
b. high concentrations of calcium ions and several hours on ice
c. large amounts of dna added directly to a bacterial culture growing at 37c
d. high concentrations of minerals followed by high temperature
e. a high voltage shock is the only way to make e. coli competent

What is the difference between sex-linked traits and autosomal traits in humans? a. sex-linked traits can only be passed from fathers to sons, while autosomal traits can be passed on from both parents to offspring of any sex. b. sex-linked traits are passed on through the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits are passed on through the other 22 chromosomes. c. sex-linked traits only affect females, while autosomal traits affect both males and females. d. sex-linked traits refer to genes that are on the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits refer to genes on all 23 chromosomes.