Gene genealogies can vary for different loci. what does this imply for species trees? group of answer choices
a) adaptive radiations do not occur.
b) species trees should be constructed using multiple loci (both nuclear and mtdna).
c) all genes in the genome are subject to similar selective pressures.
d) species trees require apomorphies in order to be successfully resolved.
e) accurately estimated gene trees will always give the correct species phylogeny.

The correct answer is option B) "Species trees should be constructed using multiple loci (both nuclear and mtDNA)".

Explanation:

Gene genealogy is defined as the inference of relationships between individuals by using DNA testing in combination with the analysis of traditional genealogical and historical records. Gene genealogies could not be established using an unique genetic loci, since not always the same loci vary among individuals. Therefore, species trees should be constructed using multiple loci (both nuclear and mtDNA), to avoid erroneous inferences obtained by analyzing loci that do not vary among individuals.

americans began to notice growing differences between the northern and southern sections of the country. there were more people living in cities in the north, which made it more urban. more people lived on farms in the south, which made it more rural. while many people were farmers in the northern states, there were now other ways to make a living, such as working in mechanical cotton gins factories manufacturing cloth, tools and other goods. people in the north supported high tariffs on goods imported from europe because the extra cost encouraged people to “buy american” instead. in the southern states, planters did not like tariffs because they sold most of their production to europe and bought their tools from there as well. southerners believed the protective tariff was something that only northern factory owners keep their profits high. so the southern politicians came up with an idea. they would opt out. they would simply ignore the protective tariff. it was ‘null and void’ in south carolina. the state would not collect the taxes on goods imported into south carolina, no matter what the president said they had to do. this decision led to the nullification crisis.

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