Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in which of the following ways? a. active transport is usually down the concentration gradient of the solute, whereas passive transport is always against the concentration gradient of the solute. b.active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not requires cellular energy. c.active transport is always faster than passive transport. d.active transport uses protein carriers, whereas passive transport uses carbohydrate carriers. e.active transport is used for ions, passive transport is used for uncharged solutes

Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in energy use: Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not requires cellular energy.

Explanation:

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are passive transport processes because the cell does not need any energy to make it happen. Simple diffusion is a very slow process and to be efficient requires short distances and pronounced concentration gradients. Channel protein and many carrier proteins are in charge of facilitated diffusion. If uncharged molecules need to be carried this process depends on concentration gradients and molecules are transported from a higher concentration side to a lower concentration side. If ions need to be transported this process depends on an electrochemical gradient.

Active transport is against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to happen. Molecules go from a high concentration side to a lower concentration side. This process is always in charge of carrier proteins.