Describe how the structures of proteins differ from the structures of carbohydrates

Both are considered macromolecules. I'll explain below

Explanation:

Proteins are like a huge Lego construction. Each individual piece gets pieced together to make a larger "thing" - Death Star, House, etc. Each individual piece is a monomer, and the larger construction is the polymer. The monomers are Amino Acids and they get pieced together to form the polymer that is called a protein. The linkage that they use is an amide bond, and in biology it is usually called a peptide bond.

Carbohydrates can be singular monomers or polymer units. They are made of completely different compounds - usually aldehydes or ketones. And they link together through different chemical linkages (acetal or ketal linkages for polymers,hemiacetal or hemiketal linkages for monomers).

Both can be large, 3D strucutres - proteins are only functional as a large, 3D structure, while carbohydrates can be singular.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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