All of the following are functions of the central nervous system except

a. it interprets signals from the external environment
b. it translates signals from the internal organs
c. it receives messages from the peripheral nervous system
d. it sends messages directly to muscles and glands

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.