which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free living prokaryotic cells?
a)the cytoplasm of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes is surrounded by a plasma membrane.
b)eukaryotes and prokaryotes both contain ribosomes, but the ribosomes of eukaryotes are more complex in structure than those of prokaryotes.
c)eukaryotes exchange segments of internal membranes between the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, but prokaryotes have no such internal membranes.
d)some organelles contain their own dna that is more similar to prokaryotic dna in structure and function than to the eukaryotic dna found in the cells nucleus.

D

Explanation:

Mitochondria in eukaryotes are believed to have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between protists and prokaryotes. It is proposed that maybe it evolved from protists engulfing prokaryotes as ‘food’. The evidence is due to the fact that mitochondria have their DNA that encodes for about 13 proteins used within the organelle. MtDNA is circular in shape which is very similar to the structure of prokaryotic DNA.

Prokaryotic cells are the most primitive living organisms with certain cell organelles. The certain organelles in eukaryotic cells are believed to be evolved from prokaryotic cells by the statement:

D. Some organelles consists of their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to eukaryotic DNA found in the cells nucleus.

Explanation:

The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells. The theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts. These cell organelles have their genetic material, which exhibits similar properties to prokaryotic chromosomes. The prokaryotes were believed to be engulfed by large organisms, which explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria have a 70 S ribosome, which is similar to prokaryotes.

Reasons for incorrect answers:

a. Cytoplasm is a viscous fluid in which all the cell organelles are suspended. The cytoplasm is enclosed by plasma or cell membrane, which is a characteristic feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

b. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes, which differ in their unit. The mitochondria and chloroplast are cell organelles of the eukaryotic cell, which consist of similar ribosomes as that of prokaryotes.

c. Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes. The exchange between well-developed organelles and internal membranes does not take place in prokaryotes.

Therefore, the correct answer is that some organelles consist of their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to eukaryotic DNA found in the cell's nucleus.

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