the higher the altitude, the lower the oxygen level in air. climbers of very tall mountains risk altitude sickness, which is an illness characterized by shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, and confusion. the early symptoms of cyanide poisoning are the same as those for altitude sickness. cyanide binds tightly to cytochrome c oxidase, the protein that reduces oxygen molecules in the final step of mitochondrial electron transfer chains. cytochrome c oxidase with bound cyanide can no longer transfer electrons. explain why cyanide poisoning starts with the same symptoms as altitude sickness.

Altitude sickness, also called mountain sickness, is a group of general symptoms that are brought on by climbing or walking to a higher and higher altitude (elevation) too quickly. It happens because the body doesn’t have enough time to adapt to the lower air pressure and lower oxygen level in the air at high altitudes. This article reviews symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of altitude sickness.

Two reasons:

First, if the atmospheric pressure is low enough the lungs won't be able to produce adequate suction to inhale enough air to survive.

Second, oxygen is dense, gases like nitrogen will be in higher concentration than normal due to boyancy, reducing the amount of oxygen per breath.

If you look at the physiology of people who live on mountains, they tend to have stronger lungs and /or are capable on function with less oxygen.

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any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.