You will estimate the quantity of dna present in the puc18 dna prep by gel band brightness. compare your linear plasmid band in the hindiii digest lane to the λ-hindiii marker. if, for example, your linearized plasmid is half as bright as the 4, 361 bp band of the marker, then your approximate dna quantity is 90/2 or 45 ng. you loaded 10 μl of the hindiii digest onto the gel so your original concentration of dna in the digest is 45 ng/10 μl or 4.5 ng/μl. you put 10 μl of dna in your digest. all together then, you have 4.5 ng/μl x 10 μl or 45 ng of dna in the digest. i am comparing my linear hind iii digest plasmid to fragment of the λ-hindiii digest.

q: compare the parts of a cell and the cell as a whole to another common nonliving system (i.e., a car, a city,

a:

comparing this to the inside of a food building/company.

all cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, which protects the cell from its environment, keeping toxic substances out of the cell. it regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell.

regulates all cell activity such as cellular metabolism, and growth in addition to storing and maintaining the cell's dna for transcription and replication. determines what proteins to make.

contains the organelles; site of most cell activity

the place where ribosomes do their working activity.

builds the proteins.

prepares proteins for use or export.

responsible for breaking down and absorbing materials taken in by the cell.

maintains cell shape.

transforms one form of energy into another.

fossil's are like over rated rocks like low key not gonna lie i don't get why we can't just call them old rocks like for real i mean i call my grandpa and grandma that smh