In 2013, a group of european scientists identified a new organelle inside the cells of tannin-producing plants, like grapevines and tea trees (brillouet et al., 2013). called tannosomes, the organelles originate within the chloroplasts and are responsible for creating the bitter tasting polyphenol that wards off predators and gives wine and tea their familiar dry feeling in the mouth. in the same year, researchers in the united states identified that the types of proteins developed by ribosomes occurred in phases along with the phases of the cell cycle (stumpf et al., 2013). from the early 1900's until now, it is obvious that scientists use research to continue to expand theories that were proposed long ago. the research done in 2013 furthers what we believe to be true about