What fats are called saturated?
a). fats that contain no double bonds in fatty acid chains
b). fats that have some double bonds in fatty acid chains
c). fats that have triple bonds in fatty acid chains
d). none of the above

A

Explanation:

Fats are made up of several carbon chains – of different lengths- per molecule. An example is triglyceride with 3 fatty acids connected to glycerol.  When several chains without double bonds are brought together – they attract each other tightly through the numerous hydrogen bonds they share between the chains. Presence of double bonds in the chains  form kinks within the chains and disrupt the hydrogen bonds shared between chains. It is therefore common that solid fats are saturated fats because they bond so tightly they require higher temperatures to get to meting point as compared to unsaturated fats.  

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.