Can someone figure out a, b and d for me the teacher doesnt teach us anything so i have no idea what i'm doing

How can a geological time scale best be reconstructed? a) comparing vestigial structures in living species b) comparing homologous structures in living species c) examining homologous structures in fossil remains d) examining the written records of scientists from past cultures

To maintain asepsis when administering an injection, all parts of the syringe can be handled except the:

Use the distance formula to determine weather each pair of segments have the same length