When evaluating a pa axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle, the radiographer should see
1. petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits
2. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally
3. symmetrical petrous pyramids
a 1 and 2 only
b 1 and 3 only
c 2 and 3 only
d 1, 2, and 3

D. 1, 2, and 3

Explanation:

Caldwell method explains that the radiographer must be able to see only petrous pyramids in lower third of the orbits, and also visualize similar distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally with symmetrical petrous pyramids when evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle.

bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.