What happens to the pressure exerted on blood when the heart contracts? what happens to pressure exerted on the blood when the heart relaxes or the blood vessels dilate?

Contraction of heart increases blood pressure.

Relaxation of heart and vasodilation reduce the blood pressure.

Explanation:

Contraction of heart chambers increases the blood pressure while their relaxation and vasodilation lower down the blood pressure.

For example, during ventricular systole, maximum pressure is exerted by the contracting ventricles on the walls of the arteries leading to systolic (the peak) blood pressure while the pressure exerted on arterial walls is lowest when ventricle is relaxed.

Blood pressure is also affected by resistance of blood flow through vessels. The increased diameter of blood vessels reduces resistance and increases blood flow. The result is reduced blood pressure.

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c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.