Ascientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die?
the cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling.
the cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand.
the cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis.
all of the above.

answer: - b cells

explanation: -

so, the b cells mediate their action by identifying the antigens present on the surface of the pathogens and then producing antibodies in return to mediate its effect.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."