Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt a. with slightly less intensity. b. within 10 to 15 cm area. c. within the same dermatome. d. on the same side of the body.

c. within the same dermatome.

Explanation:

Referred pain is pain experienced on a surface area distant from the stimulated organ. Often, the area where the pain is manifested and the related visceral organ has the same spinal cord innervation, which suggests an explanation for this phenomenon.

With the referred pain it is possible for an internal organ to suffer some kind of irritation and this pain is not felt in this organ itself, but in a somatic structure distant from it (somatic pain). When this happens the pain is felt within the same dermatome, which is a skin area with stimuli provided by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

c. the initial amount of money placed in the savings account