In order for genes to express themselves, an RNA molecule must be formed from a DNA molecule. This process is called transcription, and its key enzyme is RNA polymerase. The whole process takes place in the nucleus of the cell.
Initially, a DNA molecule opens at the point where the gene to be transcribed lies. This is due to the action of RNA polymerase, which promotes the opening and exposure of nucleotide sequences that will be transcribed. At this point, it is important to note that only one strand of DNA will be used for synthesis.
RNA polymerase will also guide ribonucleotide pairing, thus leading to stretching of the RNA strand. Nucleotides found in DNA differ from those found in RNA in that, in RNA, sugar is ribose (so called ribonucleotides) and the nitrogen base is uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). .
There are three types of RNA, messenger RNA, carrier RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for bringing information from the nucleus DNA to the cytoplasm, where the protein will be produced. Since RNA is a faithful copy of one of the strands of DNA, it is from this information that messenger RNA will determine which amino acids are required for the formation of a given protein, as it has the nitrogen base cracks that define it. each amino acid.
Carrier RNA (tRNA) is also produced from a strand of DNA. This RNA is so called because it is responsible for transporting the amino acids that will be used in protein formation to the ribosomes, where there will actually be protein synthesis.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), called by some as ribosomal RNA, is part of the constitution of ribosomes. It is on the ribosomes that the messenger RNA base sequence is interpreted and the protein indeed synthesized.
Gene is a sequence of distinct nucleotides that are part of a chromosome. Each gene encodes a particular sequence of a polypeptide chain (union of amino acids that make up the protein). The gene is formed by a sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), the latter being responsible for cell protein synthesis.
