Which of the following is/are phase(s) of the uterine cycle?
a. menstrual phase only
b. both menstrual and secretory phases
c. proliferative phase only
d. secretory phase only
e. menstrual, secretory, and proliferative phases

e. menstrual, secretory, and proliferative phases

Explanation:

Proliferative phase (days 5-15) includes thickening of the endometrium of the uterine wall under the influence of estrogen hormone released by developing follicles.  

This is followed by secretory phase (days 15-28) during which endometrium proliferate at a fast rate and the matured uterine glands secrete mucoid secretion.

If fertilization does not occur, the secretory phase is followed by menstrual phase (days 1-5) during which the endometrium is disintegrated and the associated blood vessels rupture leading to menses.  

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c