The person who proposed evolution as a scientific theory was .a0

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Explanation:

It was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who first proposed  theory of evolution in some form. His theory of transmutation of species clearly depicted that species advances themselves based on their environmental surroundings and also says that all the species have developed themselves from a simple organism to a complex one through generations of adaptation. He also supported the thought of inheritance of characteristics from ancestors referred to as Lamarckism.

Thus, before Charles Darwin it was Lamarck who established the theory of evolution

the sphincter muscles at the end of the digestive tract is the anus.

well for one plants are always the producer, so a is the answer. a wolf is more of the consumer(predator) and the deer is the prey so i know those two are out of the question. also mushrooms are fungi/fungus so a is the producer.