What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

a. ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.
b. electrons are transferred to form covalent bonds.
c. electrons are shared to form ionic bonds.
d. covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.

Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

Explanation:

Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from the electropositive element to the electronegative element. Covalent bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons.

Covalent bonds have high bond dissociation energy as compared to the ionic bond. The overlapping of molecular orbital is bigger in case of covalent bond as compared with ionic bonds. Hence, covalents bonds are difficult to break and stronger than ionic bonds.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

a few examples of ethical concerns involving genetically engineering of humans include

-privacy of genetically tested people

- potential side effects

-long term effects

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