Prior to the ideas presented by charles darwin concerning evolution, several alternating theories had been developed. they included all but

I think you forgot to give the options related to the question. So it becomes a bit hard to answer the question perfectly, still i would do my best and hope that it comes to your help. Prior to the ideas presented by Charles Darwin concerning evolution, several alternating theories had been developed and they included all but the DNA differences within a species lead to some individuals being better able to survive. This theory was developed after Darwin came up with his theory.

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11