If carbon was the most common element found in the moons and planets, what element is missing that would make them similar to earth?

Oxygen:

I think that the one element they may need is oxygen. This is because most of the processes in the carbon cycle need oxygen.

Hope This Helps!

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explanation:

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.