About how much energy is transferred from a primary consumer to a sencondary consumer
a. 90% energy from sun
b. 10% energy from sun
c. 10% primary energy
d. 1% primary energy

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?