Describe the phases of the cell cycle, define phenotype & genotype, describe the process of dna replication (transcription & translation), define mitosis & meiosis.

Phases of cell cycle:

Cell cycle typically has four phases which are mentioned as under:

1) G1 phase

2) S phase

3) G2 phase

4) M phase

Phenotype & genotype :

Phenotype is how an organism looks morphologically.

Genotype is defined as the set of allelic pairs (genes) that an organism has for a particular character/trait.

DNA replication:

DNA replication is a process in which an exact replica of a chromosome is synthesized during S phase of cell cycle. Various enzymes like helicase, DNA polymerases etc. and structural components like nucleotides are required during DNA replication.

Transcription:

Transcription is a process in which message from a DNA is encoded in the form of an RNA for gene expression i.e. for protein synthesis (translation). Various RNA polymerases facilitate transcription.

Translation:

The process of protein synthesis for gene expression is known as translation. Various RNAs like mRNA, tRNA and rRNA facilitate this process.

Mitosis & meiosis:

Mitosis : It is a process in which a cell divides to form its exact replica thereby producing two identical cells. It occurs in somatic cells.

Meiosis: It is a process in which a diploid cell divides to form 4 haploid daughter cells. It occurs in germ cells.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation:

the match lol