Pests have always been a nuisance for farmers. the use of pesticides dramatically improved the success of crops; however, it has been found that some insects are no longer harmed by traditional pesticides. how would charles darwin, the man behind the theory of evolution by means of natural selection, explain this phenomenon.
a) through random mutations in dna, some pests developed a resistance to the pesticide.
b) the chemicals used in pesticides today are not strong enough to kill unwanted pests.
c) the pesticides used in the past caused unwanted mutations in pests causing them to mutate into superbugs.
d) through repeated exposure to the pesticides, the pests simply got use to to the chemicals and built up a resistance.

Our planet has experienced five major extinctions in the four billion year history of life. the first, 450 million years ago, occurred shortly after the evolution of the first land-based plants and 100 million years after the cambrian explosion. the second extinction occurred 350 million years ago, causing the formation of coal forests. next earth experienced two mass extinctions during the triassic period, between 250 and 200 million years ago. the fifth mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago, ending the reptilian dominance of the earth. according to richard leakey, the sixth mass extinction is happening right now. leakey suggests that we, the human race, are the cause. each year, at our hand, approximately 50,000 species vanish from earth. he believes that man is destroying earth at a rate comparable with the impact of a giant asteroid. leakey's statistics indicate that 50% of earth's species will become extinct within the next 100 years assuming leakey's hypothesis of a sixth mass extinction to be true, how will we expect the model to change? a) a sharp spike in the graph approximately 100 million years from now b) a dip in the graph, followed by a sharp spike about 100 million years from now c) a sharp spike in the graph immediately following the "0" location of the x axis d) a plateau following the "0" mark on the x axis, followed by a gradual rise to a new peak