What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other's inheritance?

The correct answer is the principle of independent assortment.  

According to the principle of independent assortment, at the time of gamete formation genes for distinct traits separate without affecting the inheritance of each other. This law was postulated by Gregor Mendel. According to Mendel, when two or more characteristics are inherited, the individual hereditary factors assort independently at the time of gamete formation, providing different traits an equal chance of occurring together.  

it would affect precipitation by causing flooding in some areas of the world due to climate increasing, causing the glaciers in the northern and southern pole of our planet to melt.

i wish you would have provided choices to simplify it and allow me to give an exact answer.

supercell thunderstorms are perhaps the most violent of all thunderstorm types, and are capable of producing damaging winds, large hail, and weak-to-violent tornadoes