Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. organisms are grouped into taxa based on homologous characteristics, shared traits that result from common ancestry. which statement is true? a. the term 'monophyletic' refers to a taxon that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. b. homologous structures look the same and serve the same function, but they differ in evolutionary origin and structure. c. ancestral traits are always simpler than derived traits.

The correct answer is option A

The term monophyletic here refers to the the taxon that includes ancestral species and all of its descendants. The clade or the traits of a particular group of organism is same and is carried out by the the progeny of the their family. The arrangement of members in the monophyletic group is called as the monophyly.

the correct answer is 4) heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks arise from transformation of existing rocks types, in a process called metamorphism. during metamorphism the original rock(prolith) change into metamorphic rock by heating (150-200c) and pressure of more than 1000 bar. the original rock can be sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.