Which of these describes lichens and mosses that first colonize a previously barren area?

The answer is; pioneer species

These pioneer species have adaptations such as minute roots that enable them to grow on rocks, with little nutrients, and need no soil. This is why they are able to colonize new barren land. They are able to break down rocks to soil and give an opportunity for higher plants to later colonize the environment after time.  

1. a host loses nutrients to a parasite

2. a parasite only benefits when the host is alive (cause if the host dies the parasite dies with it )

3. producers to consumers

4. the tapeworm is a parasite

5. they convert energy from the sun (photosynthesis)

6. sunflower-robin (i think im 80% sure)

7. producer

8. consumer

9. prey

10. fresh water snails ( cause the green algea is the producer and the snails are the primary consumers and the small fish consumer so is the big fish)