And object is seeing to either speed up slow down or change direction these behaviors are caused by

The correct answer is:

Unbalanced Forces.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

sodium i think the chemical element of atomic number 11, a soft silver-white reactive metal of the alkali metal group.