Classify each phrase as applying to the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, or both types of reproductive cycles of phages.

In the lytic  cycle, a virus that has invaded and  entered a  cell takes over the cell's replication mechanism. The virus makes viral DNA and viral proteins.

The virus then lyses (breaks open) the cell membrane, allowing the newly  produced viruses to leave the now disintergrated host cell to infect  other new cells.

In a lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA or RNA enters the cell and integrates  into the host DNA as a new set of genes called prophage. The prophage is passive and non virulent and does not destroy the cell. However if the prophage undergoes any stress or mutation or is exposed to UV radiation, it may adopt the lytic cycle and become infective.

surface modification is a versatile tool and has been widely used in material science and engineering that has significantly facilitated the study and characterization of complex materials. at  matexcel, experienced experts in surface science can offer tailored efforts to meet the specific needs from our clients.

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