In the electron transport chain, atp synthase is responsible a. pumping hydrogen ions against concentration gradient b. producing chemiosmotic gradient inside the matrix c. adding a phosphate group to adp d. capturing oxygen and connecting it with free hydrogen ions

Hey there!

Your answer is C, adding a phosphate group to ADP.

The chemical reaction would be ADP + Pi > ATP, where ATP synthase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.

Using "synthase" in the name of a protein means that the enzyme is used to synthesize a molecule. For example, "citrate synthase" synthesizes the citrate molecule. Therefore, ATP synthase synthesizes ATP.

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relative dating involves things like higher layers are most recent than rocks lower in the sequence. this can be extended to the known sequence of fossils. rocks containing rabbit fossils are later than those containing dinosaur fossils.  

absolute dating methods mainly use radioactive elements that have known rates of decay and produce recognizable products. for example potassium 40 decays to produce argon. once a rock has solidified the argon is trapped. by measuring the argon and potassium0 you can get an accurate number for the age.  

some other methods are good for archaeological ages. dendrochronology involves recognizing the sequence of tree rings. the orientation of magnetized particles in baked clay can be used to date a fire.

hope this .. .

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.