If water were a nonpolar molecule, how would it’s properties be different

If water was nonpolar, life as it exists now would be impossible. Water is the means by which ionic substances ( Fe^3+, Na^+, Ca^2+, K^+, etc) and polar molecules are distributed around and in the cells of organisms.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.