Why isn't earth a closed system? a. earth reflects and radiates energy. b. matter continually cycles between the "spheres." c. large amounts of matter currently reach earth from space. d. earthquakes, volcanoes, and hot springs release energy from earth's interior.

D. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and hot springs release energy from Earth's interior.

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.

answer; increases;