How can we investigate the past and present to predict the future of life on earth

The renown geologist Charles Lyell had brought the concept of "Present is the key to the past" which means that that the geological processes and the activities that are taking place today must have taken place in the past and also concluded that these same geological activities will be taking place in the future too.

So we can make a prediction at any point and further studying this activities we can prepare for the steps that are needed to be taken for the mankind to exist.

"a.) well–developed vascular system."

photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make atp. the glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. while water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.