The organisms that can tolerate most time out of the water would live in the

The correct answer is the spray zone.  

The upper littoral, also known as the spray zone, or the splash zone. This region is dry for the majority of the time, however, gets sprayed with salt water at the time of high tides. It is only flooded at the time of extreme high tides and storms. The species in this scarce habitat comprise isopods, barnacles, limpets, lichens, lice, whelks, and periwinkles.  

answer: "circumcision is a common procedure in which the skin covering the tip of the penis is surgically removed."

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."