The movement of molecules against the gradient from low concentration to high concentration using atp

It is also possible to move substances across membranes against their concentration gradient (from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration). ... If the energy of ATP is directly used to pump molecules against their concentration gradient, the transport is called primary active transport.

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i believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is the first option. the scientists need to look at the   validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations before  developing an argument. they base their arguments on facts that are present and they make sure they have proofs. 

explanation:

1. desertification

2. captive breeding

3. black rhinoceros

4. renewable resources

explanation:

mark brainliest!