Define reasoning and justifications.

“Reasoning is a process of thinking during which the individual is aware of a problem identifies, evaluates, and decides upon a solution”

It is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way.

A justification for something is an acceptable reason or explanation for it. It is  an acceptable reason for doing something, something that justifies an act or way of behaving could provide no justification for his decision.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.