Which statement gives an example that best demonstrates how the geosphere has affected the evolution of life on earth? a. some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light. b. certain marine mammals have lost functioning hindlimbs, which can impede an animal's movement through water. c. certain plants have evolved to absorb pollutants like carbon monoxide and formaldehyde through their leaves. d. some hummingbirds have evolved to have very long beaks that can only reach the nectar of specific flowers.

Compare and contrast nutrient limitation in soil vs. nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems

Match the descriptions / definitions with the term they best describe 1. three dimensional relationship of the different polypeptide chains in a multisubunit protein or protein complex 2. common folding pattern in proteins in which a linear sequence of amino acids folds into a right-handed coil stabilized by internal hydrogen-bonding between polypeptide backbone atoms. 3. the amino acid sequence of a protein 4. a region on the surface of a protein that can interact with another molecule through noncovalent bonding. 5. three-dimensional arrangement of alpha-helices and beta-sheets within a single polypeptide, typically stabilized by a variety of noncovalent bonds, including ionic and hydrogen bonds, and nonpolar interactions / hydrophobic force. 6. the chain of repeating carbon and nitrogen atoms, linked by peptide bonds, in a protein. 7. common structural motif in proteins in which different sections of the polypeptide chain run alongside each other and are joined together by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. 8. portion of a polypeptide chain that has a discrete tertiary structure of its own and can often fold independently of the rest of the chain 9. regular local folding patterns in a protein, including alpha-helix and beta-sheet a. primary structure b. beta-sheet c. protein d. coiled-coil e. polypeptide backbone f. secondary structure g. side chain h. tertiary structure i. binding site j. alpha-helix k. quaternary structure l. protein domain

What causes the force that pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe and vent of a volcano?