Experiments sometimes include measuring the variable/concept twice. this technique is known as a sample and population primary test and secondary test pretest and posttest control and experiment

The correct answer is pretest and posttest .

A pretest/posttest experiment is an experiment that includes double measurements at multiple points in time. In this kind of test, measurements (measurement of dependent variable) are taken both before and after a treatment.

answer: 4

explanation: 8

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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explanation: