Identify the correct statement. a. early colonizing species in a habitat are called climax species. b. the outcome of primary succession is water. c. secondary succession occurs at a slower rate than water. d. primary succession occurs in a habitat that has never been colonized by any species before. e. the classification into primary and secondary is based on when the succession started.

The correct answer is: D. Primary succession occurs in a habitat that has never been colonized by any species before.

Ecological succession can be defined as ae process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. There are two types of succession:

•Primary succession- begins in new habitats, uninfluenced by pre-existing communities  

•Secondary succession –formed after a disruption of a pre-existing community.

Primary succession occurs in a habitat that has never been colonized by any species before.

Ecological succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades (for example, after a wildfire), or even millions of years after a mass extinction.

Primary succession is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and usually lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited.

Secondary succession is one of the two types of ecological succession of plant life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species, and as such secondary succession occurs on preexisting soil whereas primary succession usually occurs in a place lacking soil.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.