Plete each question by choosing or typing in the best answer. 1) a group of hikers find a fallen tree in a forest. the dead tree trunk is covered by mushrooms and other fungus. later, they find a wild apple tree with many apples lying on the forest floor beneath the tree. the apples are all rotten and decayed by bacteria. which statement best summarizes how these fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining their food energy? a) the fungus and bacteria are both parasitic organisms that obtain food from other living organisms. b) the fungus and bacteria are both obtaining their energy by manufacturing food from minerals and sunlight. c) both fungus and bacteria require well-fertilized soil in which to obtain nutrients needed for chemosynthesis. d) the fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining the energy they need by decomposing organic matter like dead trees and old apples.

Choose a mutation from those in model 2 that would be neutral for a cell. explain your reasoning by relating the mutation to the cellular respiration process.

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

1. describe the structure and function of the specialized cells you observed in the video. 2. research the types of cells present in the kidney.