How are cells able to respond to signal molecule, that are too large to enter the cytoplasm?

What are some things that limit population growth?

How did the miller-urey experiment impact the way scientists think about the origins of life? use what you know about the miller-urey experiments to discuss the factors needed for life to arise, and speculate on whether life could arise on another planet.

In meiosis ii during anaphase ii which structures separated homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids